I’d encourage mathematicians to look at Alain Badiou’s Being and Event and Logic of Worlds. Both are full of a lot of ideas. What mathematician cannot be thrilled by the statement in the introduction to Being and Event that “mathematics is ontology.” More directly, reading Badiou made me realize that the basics of set theory were a bit fuzzy for me, leading me to teach a beginning course in set theory in the fall of 2010. Both works are long and dense, though.